Evaluation of surface-modified orthodontic wires by different concentration and dipping duration of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in-vitro surface characteristics and frictional properties of orthodontic stainless steel and beta-titanium archwires after surface modification with different concentrations and coating time of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by Sol-gel dip coating method.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out with 4 diffe

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Longitude, Forest Fragmentation, and Plant Size Influence Cycas micronesica Mortality Following Island Insect Invasions

Island invasions may cause severe changes in biodiversity, but the factors that influence these changes are not well understood.We established 120 plots in Cycas micronesica habitats throughout Guam in 2005 following the invasion of the armored scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui, then observed plant mortality through 2020.We used transects in Black Cohosh

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